Eastman Kodak and Nikon: Financial Statements

Subject: Business & Economics

1262 words

4 pages

March 19th, 2022

Introduction

It is very important for any company to establish an understanding of its financial position in order to be able to make strategic short and long-term goals. The evaluation of the financial performance of a company can be done by comparing its financial statements for a trading period with those of the prior years and also comparing them with those of competitors or other companies in the industry. This is to provide a competitive advantage and a clear gauge of the market share. This is possible also in the understanding of the weaknesses and strengths of the company and industry as well as the risks to be taken together with improvements. This report presents the comparative financial analysis of the financial statements of Eastman Kodak and Nikon companies for the period ended 31^st December, 2009.

Comparative analysis of financial statements

Eastman Kodak is in the business of production and printing of pictures incorporated in 1901 with headquarters in New York. Nikon company was incepted in 1917 and deals with optical technology while based in Japan.

Comparative analysis of Balance Sheets

Vertical analysis of Balance sheets

Total Assets Percentage	Eastman Kodak	Nikon Company
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	26.3%	10.6%
Notes and accounts receivable- Trade	18.1%	16.0%
Inventories	8.8%	35.4%
Net property, plant and equipment	16.3%	16.8%
Liabilities
Notes and Accounts payable- Trade	36.5%	15.9%
Total Equity	– 0.46%	50.6%

Ratio Analysis

Liquidity Ratios	Eastman Kodak	Nikon Company
Current Ratio:= Current Assets/ Current Liabilities	1.50	1.80
Quick Ratio:= Current assets- Inventory/ Current liabilities	1.25	0.88
Debt to Equity ratio: Total liabilities/ Equity	– 233	0.98
Solvency Ratios
Debt to equity ratio	– 233	0.98
Debt to assets ratio	1.00	0.49
Interest Coverage	-1.76	25.7
Financial Flexibility ratios
Debt ratio:= Total debt/total assets	100%	49%
Equity ratio: = Equity/capital employed	– 0.43%	50.5%
Debt to equity ratio:= Total Liabilities/ Equity	– 233	2.02

The liquidity levels of the two companies are relatively the same and preferable although the level of debt for Eastman Kodak Company is high while the equity so minimal thus limiting the liquidity. The solvency level of Nikon Company is favorable while Eastman has much of the assets, equity covered by debt and low-interest coverage that limits the ability of the company to pay interest. Nikon Company is relatively financially flexible as compared to Eastman whose financial flexibility is very limited. The classes of assets for Nikon include the investment assets (Nikon Company 28) that have increased the levels of solvency, liquidity and financial flexibility while Eastman Kodak has the long-term assets inclusive of the total assets (Eastman Kodak 56).

Income statement analysis

Eastman Kodak Company and Nikon Company have adopted a multi-step approach in the presentation of the income statement evident in Eastman Kodak Company (55) and Nikon Company (30). The irregular items as reported in the income statement are evident for Eastman Kodak Company while Nikon Company does not have any irregular items for the financial period under consideration.

The irregular items reported by Eastman Kodak Company are the continuing, discontinuing and extraordinary item. The continuing operations increase the value of the net income while the discontinuing and the extraordinary items are deducted hence reducing the value of the net income. The value of the continuing operations increases the value of the net income while in this case there was a profit from the discontinued operations which has lowered the net loss of the Eastman Kodak Company (Eastman Kodak Company 55).

Vertical analysis of the income statements

Sales Revenue as the average percentage	Eastman Kodak Company	Nikon Company
Net sales	100%	100%
Cost of sales	76.8%	63.8%
Gross profit	23.2%	36.2%
Selling and administrative expenses	17.1%	30.7%
Research and development costs	4.68%
Restructuring costs	2.97%
Interest and dividend income		0.25%
Interest expense	1.56%	0.12%
Write down of inventories		0.50%
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment		0.22%
Loss on impairment of fixed assets		0.08%
Loss on valuation of investment securities		0.67%
Gain on sales of property, plant and equipment		0.008%
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated subsidiaries and associated companies		0.12%
Other net incomes	0.39%	0.20%
Other net expenses	1.16%	1.02%
Income from taxes	1.51%
Income taxes:
Current		1.44%
Deferred		0.18%
Total income taxes		1.26%
Net income/(loss from continuing operations)	(3.05%)	3.19%
Earnings from discontinued operations	0.22%
Extra ordinary item	0.08%
Net Loss	2.75%
Net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests	0.01%
Net Loss	2.76%

Analysis of statements of cash flows

Comparison of cash flows from operating activities to net income

Operating Activities	Eastman Kodak Company	Nikon Company
Net income before taxes	100%	100%
Adjustments for:
Income taxes paid		136%
Loss on impairment of fixed assets		1.84%
Provision of doubtful receivables		11%
Depreciation and amortization	204%	84%
Provision for employees retirement benefits		2.61%
Provision for retirement allowances for directors and corporate auditors		0.16%
Earnings from discontinued operations	8.13%
Earnings from extraordinary item	2.07%
Loss or gain on sale of property, plant and equipment or other assets	47.8%	0.08%
Loss or gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment		4.83%
Loss on valuation of investment securities		15.1%
Other net		6.72%
Provision for deferred income taxes	47.4%
Non-cash restructuring and rationalization costs, asset impairments and other charges	13.4%
Increases or decreases in notes and accounts receivable	173.7%	68.1%
Increases in inventories	132%	20%
Increase or decrease in notes and accounts payable	392%	145%
Other net	10.5%	33.1%
Total adjustments	35%	74.2%
Net cash flow from operating activities	(65.1%)	25.8%

Key cash flow ratios

The key cash flow statement ratios assess the ability of a firm to meet its obligations and pay dividends. They include cash dividend coverage, cash debt coverage and cash interest coverage as shown in the table below.

Cash flow ratios	Eastman Kodak Company	Nikon Company
Cash dividend coverage:= cash flow from operations/total dividends	0	0.98
Cash debt coverage:= cash flow from operations – dividend payments	(136)	(2300)
Cash interest coverage	– 1.76	25.7
Other Ratios
Operating cash flow ratio: = Cash flow from operating activities/ current liabilities	– 0.05	0.03
Capital Acquisition Ratio = (cash flow from operations – dividends) / cash paid for acquisitions	0	0
Investment ratio:= Stock price per share/ operating cash flow per share	– 17463	6.67
Cash flow per share: = Cash flow from operations/ no of shares	– 0.0014	0.10
Return on investment: = net profits before tax / shareholders equity.	6.36	0.106
Quality of income ratio: = cash flow from operations before interest and tax/ EBIT	– 0.65	1.57

The ratio that is used to assess the ability of a firm to generate positive cash flows in the future is usually the operating cash flow ratio as provided in the table above. The cash debt coverage shows the need for external financing while the cash dividend coverage shows the ability to pay dividends. The quality of income ratio shows the ability of a firm to generate positive income cash flows in the future.

The analysis shows that Nikon Company has positive cash flow ratios hence it can be able to meet its obligations, pay dividends, manage debt and have future positive cash flows (Nikon Company 32). This is not so for Eastman Kodak whose cash flows is negative hence the probability of not being able to meet future obligations (Eastman Kodak Company 60). The differences in the analysis could be influenced by the environment of operation.

Conclusion

This report has analyzed the financial statements of Nikon and Eastman Kodak companies. The analysis has involved the balance sheet, income statement and statements of cash flows for comparative purposes and effective decision making.

Works Cited

Eastman Kodak Company. Eastman Kodak Company 2009 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Notice of 2010 Annual Meeting and Proxy Statement. New York: Rochester, 2009.

Nikon Company. Annual Report 2009. Hong Kong: Nikon Corporation, 2009.