Introduction The rates of crimes committed daily have triggered security agents to come up with methods of tracking and apprehending criminals. Among them is intelligence-led policing, which is a style of policing whereby risk management model and risk assessment are used to identify crimes, their patterns, where they occur, and...
Introduction In the industrialized world, consumers are provided with alternative choices with regard to goods and services.1 Consequently, governments have faith in the market’s ability to meet the tastes and preferences of consumers. As a result, such nations highly rely on market mechanisms rather than the regulations set up by...
Introduction There has been a need for a clear understanding of the difference between real, personal, and intellectual properties. In his book, Kongolo (2008) wonders whether real property is genuine as compared to intellectual property. This has been a concern, especially among scholars who have come out strongly to help...
Abstract The consumption of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products is considered a significant cause of preventable deaths. It is important to focus on this issue because the strength of the nation is its people. One can just imagine the economic cost to the business sector if workers are unable to...
Criminal evidence refers to any kind of testimony or evidence concerning a crime. Criminal evidence can take various forms, and is typically applied to prove that a crime was really committed, and establish any blame in a criminal case. Generally, evidence in law is anything which the presiding judge permits...
Introduction Three strikes laws are statutes enacted by the government that awards harsher sentences for offenders who have been convicted of crimes for the third time (Walsh, 2007). The laws are aimed at discouraging repeat offenders from committing crimes for fear of longer and harsher sentences. Among the U.S. states,...
If the federal government is not effectively fulfilling one of its constitutional responsibilities, whether a state or group of states is allowed to take independent steps? The above is the crux of the case of Arizona v. United States, 567 U.S., 2012. It concerns the contradictory problem of illegal immigration....
The Supreme Court is the only federal judicial authority, the creation of which is provided directly by the US Constitution. Throughout history, the Supreme Court has played and continues to play hitherto a completely unique role in the development of sources and basic institutions of American law. It is defined...
Juvenile delinquency is no different from adult criminality in that it is quite a universal phenomenon present across all states. The purpose of the present paper is to make a theory-grounded prediction about the states with the lowest juvenile murder rates and assess this hypothesis based on the data provided...
At the beginning of the 1990s, the phrase “three-strikes – you’re out!” was very popular in baseball when it was necessary to send a dejected batter back to the dugout (Walsh, 2007). At the end of the 1990s, the same phrase had another meaning popular in the sphere of criminology,...
Introduction Labor unions are organizations that workers form to enable them to achieve specific set objectives and goals. People become what their parents were, for instance, they become soldiers, landowners. During the Agrarian Revolution, people knew their rights and under some circumstances, the employer was liable for paying some of...
Introduction In contemporary society, corporate crime has attracted a lot of interest from different groups that are concerned that the vice is becoming widely spread since corporations are not ready to adhere to the laws, policies, and regulations that govern how they operate in their respective industries. Corporate crime is...
The article under consideration is entitled “Sentencing Alternatives – Back to the Future”. It dwells upon such topical issues as sentencing and incarceration, and this is the major reason why I have chosen the article. First of all, Hoelter, the author of the article, claims that the imperfect legislation as...
Introduction Although the definitions of crime vary from state to state, the procedures followed by the criminal justice system are almost identical. The criminal justice process begins with an investigation by the local police department, followed by an arrest after significant evidence has been found. Once someone is arrested, the...
Introduction The trading of securities of companies under the then state law was not sufficient to ensure order and curb irregularities in the issuing and trading of securities. It was this dissatisfaction that made congress introduce a law on security. The result was then the enactment of the “security exchange...
The criminal justice system is a very vital element of our society and it is made up of three major components; “law enforcement, courts and corrections” (Hess & Orthmann, 2008, p. 1). It refers to the local, state and federal agencies that take the mandate of law enforcement, resolve criminal...
Computer forensics is a term used in reference to the processes applied in the course of a criminal investigation. On most occasions, detectives are required to follow a specified code of conduct, which calls on them to preserve, identify, extract, interpret, and document all proof available on computer devices. This...
Introduction The legality of marijuana has been a subject of contention in the United States for a long period. The consumption and procession of marijuana are deemed illegal in the United States. Different people have presented their arguments for the legalization of marijuana while a large number are also against...
Introduction The United States American government has spent huge amounts of money in struggling to eradicate drugs from the nation and yet drugs such as heroin, cocaine among other illegal drugs are becoming cheaper and cheaper, and easier to obtain than ever before. A very large number of people are...
Introduction Sentencing is a form of punishment that is imposed on individuals who have been convicted of crimes. It is imposed by the criminal justice system of every state which follows a set of guidelines. There are many forms of sentencing which include but are not limited to capital sentencing,...
Introduction Since the inception of the Juvenile Court System, there has been a clear cut line differentiating this system and the Criminal Court System t. The difference is not only in the terminologies used but also in the type of treatment that is given to young individuals who have been...
It is common knowledge that crime in poor urban areas is the major contributor of deaths in these areas. It is, in fact, argued that deaths attributable to the HIV/AIDS pandemic are less than those caused by violent crimes in poor urban areas. Much of the crime evident in poor...
Introduction Since the terrorist attack of September 2001, several governments were taken aback of their incapacity to prevent crimes of such magnitude. The United State’s Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense, for example, have been working extra hard to detect and thwart such occurrences in the future....
Armed robbery is the process through which a person takes possession of another person’s property by using violence means, which may result in injury or harm to the victim. Armed robbery therefore, involves use of weapons that may cause death to the victim during the act of robbing a person...
Introduction The definition of a victim, under criminal law as well as criminology, is a specified individual who has experienced harm directly and individually by the executor rather than the society (Eduard, 2007). There are different perspectives as to who actually is a victim for instance there are those people...
Introduction Understanding crime forms the basis of understanding criminal justice. As a result, it is important to understand criminological theories because any decision or policy made depends largely on these theories, regardless of whether people know them or not. The criminology arena has changed drastically over time with many criminologists...
Introduction Juvenile crime is still a pressing problem in the country because over two million cases were recorded in the past year. This trend is quite alarming because juveniles who are not corrected may end up becoming adult criminals. It is therefore incumbent upon the juvenile correction system to deal...
Identify the legal significance and methodology of the following Negotiation: This is conducted by the disputants among themselves per se, in order to arrive at an acceptable settlement. The legal significance of negotiations would emanate upon signing and registering of a legal document after the settlement is affected. The methodology...
Juvenile and criminal justice have different approaches to trail and sanctioning. While adult offenders are charged with crimes, juveniles are charged with delinquent acts, and instead of being proved guilty, they are adjudicated delinquent. Moreover, juvenile courts do not have jury trials, and the processes are always closed. The two...
Introduction In 2001, educational policy underwent a tremendous overhaul with the iconic No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act passed by the Bush administration. It standardized education, testing, as well as accountability for school districts. The law was not without controversy on some of its practices. In 2015, the Obama administration...
Study Design and Sampling Method The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the social program for children on juvenile probation, and their parents on the reduction of repeated offenses by children. Consequently, one should consider and evaluate many different aspects influencing a family interaction to determine...
Introduction By the beginning of 1970, when the case Roe v Wade, there had been formed the recognition that the US Constitution does embrace a woman’s right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion, thus labeling the restrictive regulation of abortions unconstitutional. The ruling of the Supreme Court on this case...
Today, the issue of capital punishment is probably one of the most topical and not only for areas such as criminal code or legal justice but also for subjects like philosophy, psychology, and sociology. Capital punishment is a moral issue, and it is rather thought-provoking for those interested in ascertaining...
Every medical institution in the United States has a patient bill of rights. Some rights are outlined in this bill including; the prerogative of a patient concerning care, right to emergency aid, diagnosis and prognosis information rights, right to unbiased treatment, and right to voice grievance. The patient’s bill of...
Discussion When the United States Supreme Court applies the Constitution, it defines and limits the powers of government. At the same time, the same Supreme Court is constrained by political realities when it interprets the same Constitution. This principle guides it against usurping the rightful powers of other legislative arms...
Introduction Crime control and due process are two crime models that for a long time now appear to have been antagonising one another (Roach 1999). The model of due process is guided by the rule that a person may not have their liberty, life and property deprived in the absence...
Crime is as old as mankind. Ever since the times of the Old Testament, individuals have never ceased to commit criminal activities despite knowing about the real consequences, benefits, or risks of the said activity. In the same vein, other individuals under similar circumstances never seem to commit any kind...
Capital punishment is also known as the death penalty is a highly controversial issue. Those in favor of capital punishment base their opinions on the fact that it is justice in its kind while those against it say it’s a rejection of the moral principles based on the right to...
Abstract Three major theories have been identified in the paper. The biosocial trait theory is similar to the structural functionalism theory because both assume that society is well behaved; the social bond theory differs from the latter because it assumes that self-centeredness is natural to man. Also, structural functionalism and...
Introduction The case of the United States v. Stevens (docket #: 08-769) (2009) seems to be one of the instances of the excessive freedom of speech as far as the person convicted for the creation and distribution of the videos promoting animal violence appeals to the Court of Appeals arguing...
Introduction It is stated in the law that all businesses in operation must keep their financial as well as their accounting records in a reliable way so that they can provide an accurate view of the business and its operations. The internal Revenue Code 6001 requires all businesses to keep...
Drug trafficking is an international; problem that affected millions of people around the world. The main countries involved in drug trafficking are Columbia, Venezuela, the USA, and Burma (Myanmar). The articles and books suggest that drug trafficking is controlled by international crime organizations aimed to save their business at any...
Introduction Crimes became one of the parts of people’s life in modern world. The level of criminality is very high, unfortunately. The most terrible crime is the crime directed towards children. Children are weak and cannot protect themselves, so it is very easy to hurt them. Some adults in order...
In every western country, members of the minority groups are disproportionately likely to be arrested, convicted and/or face imprisonment. These groups include recent immigrants and people from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. The criminal justice system, crime patterns, and legal traditions vary from one country to the other, however, research...
Introduction The term ‘privacy’ has been one of high concern and is of great importance to co-exist in society. Privacy enables individuals to with hold personal information from being leaked or discussed in public. This information may include any personal data including their health details, their personal financial accounts, their...
Introduction Any economic activity organized and directed towards producing goods and services with the intention of profit-making is commonly referred to as a business. This thesis, therefore, seeks to examine the different forms of businesses formed to produce goods and services for profit-making profit purposes. The thesis shall look into...
Lawmakers believe that implementing statutory rape laws will help deter male predators from and clean up the streets. What lawmakers fail to understand is that these laws have too many loopholes that would fail to address all the issues concerning having sex with a younger female: in many instances the...
Overview A child needs protection and special care from the time of conception needs which includes appropriate legal protection for he/she is still immature (office of UNHCR, 1959). The declaration goes ahead to state in its sixth principle that a child shall only be separated from its parents under special...
Thesis The Constitution and the Declaration of Independence were written by men who believed in God, men who thought prayer was important, that life was sacred, and that many of our current-day controversial practices, such as homosexuality and abortion, were biblically and morally reprehensible. The reality that a few of...
Introduction I intend for my future career to be in law enforcement, specifically in drug enforcement. As such, I will like to be employed by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA.) Such a detective must have a background in criminal justice and sociology, and likely additional training to prepare for their...
Life inside the Walls The life inside the jails and prisons is a world of its own. It provides challenges for all people behind the walls including those on both sides of the law: the inmates and correctional officers. Prison diaries were kept by five inmates, four correctional officers and...
Introduction Thesis: Miranda vs. Arizona can be regarded as a landmark case because it led to changing the laws which existed in the state; the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution can be applied to this case, as well as the Bill of Rights which, due to this...
Social disorganization theory that is a result of a study by Shaw, Clifford, and McKay (1942), states that neighborhoods with high poverty rates have big populations and informal social structures that in turn make it difficult to maintain social order in a society. This is very much evident in the...
“Hey, come on, babe, follow me I’m the Pied Piper, follow me I’m the Pied Piper And I’ll show you where it’s at” (Moser, 1966, p. 19) That is how Don Moser, the writer for the Life Magazine, makes a vivid, pervasive, and descriptive connection between Charles Howard Schmid Jr., generally...
Every time, when a person is charged with a crime, his life is put at stake. It is evident that every mistake made during the interrogation, and the hearing of a case may be fatal and may put an innocent person behind bars. In this case, the consequences of this...