Medicine, as a field of knowledge, studies the causes and effects of various diseases as well as the ways to prevent them. It also allows us to know how to cure diseases and relieve pain. A medicine essay is a task that requires a lot of research.
However, it is not enough to just read about medicine. You also need to have a good understanding of the healthcare system and the wellbeing of patients. The best way to gain the depth of understanding required is to read medicine essay examples. The free samples below can help you understand how medicine essays are structured and written as well as what information should be included.
Summary An accountable care organization can be defined as a group of hospitals, doctors, and other healthcare providers, who organize themselves under one unit to voluntarily give coordinated, high-quality care to their Medicare patients. Their main aim is to ensure the sick get timely health care, preventing unnecessary duplication of...
Introduction Numerous healthcare issues, including limited healthcare access, affect individuals, healthcare providers, and primary medical systems in modern society. Healthcare access is the capacity to secure healthcare amenities such as preventive medicine, diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and treatment of illnesses, abnormalities, and other health-related conditions. Health coverage must be convenient and...
Access to healthcare in the U.S. is unequal, and many people cannot get proper medical care when they need it. Indeed, despite the significant development of the American healthcare system during the previous decades, it is still impossible to address some issues. One such problem is faced by vulnerable members...
Quality improvement is a systematic methodology that healthcare organizations use to identify areas where performance can be potentially improved. Different approaches get utilized to gather and analyze data; these techniques, in turn, give context for any prospective future alterations. The provision of health services that are both cost-efficient and reliable...
Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disease associated with chronic, debilitating, and generally age-inappropriate attention problems, irresponsibility, hyperactivity that can progress into inner agitation in maturity, and impulsivity. ADHD is one of the most prevalent pediatric neurological diseases. It is most commonly diagnosed in children and lasts...
Introduction It is hard to disagree that the world is quite unstable nowadays, and many events that ordinary people could not expect begin to happen. For example, one would probably agree that almost nobody wanted to believe in the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic or the emergence of war between...
Overview With the emergence of new illnesses and epidemics and rising social and economic inequality that impedes access to healthcare, the globe continues to face obstacles in handling the healthcare crises. Malaria and HIV/AIDS in developing countries, the new COVID-19 pandemic, and the rapidly rising incidence of mental disorders offer...
Agenda and Outcomes One recommendation for reducing pharmaceutical errors and harm is to apply the five rights. Medication errors put patients in grave danger. Health practitioners, mainly nurses, are accustomed to the ‘five rights’ of drug use; the exact patient, medicine, time, dosage, and route. These criteria are considered safe...
Barriers to EBP and Nursing Care Improvement Strategies Pursuing and implementing EBP can be hindered by various influential barriers, including decision-makers’ inability to comprehend EBP’s value to patients and nurses, which then contributes to organizational resistance to change. In Chapter 1, Houser (2018) mentions that nurses in healthcare facilities without...
Introduction Considering the current situation based on the case study details, Windy Health has serious issues with the accuracy of data in the EMR system, which also causes problems with billings and mistakes when manually charging patients. A proper EMR and enforcement of using the EMR system when working on...
Introduction The identified gap in quality related to the delivery of healthcare is technology barriers in care coordination for chronically ill patients. Care coordination is a complicated process since it involves a variety of specialists from different locations and at different times. One should highlight that the delivery of quality...
Introduction In the time of ‘big data’ processing, healthcare information faces significant challenges. The transition to electronic health databases and information systems for data exchange requires the adequacy of the tools used and their management to minimize risks. The risks might be related to the breach of confidentiality and privacy...
Introduction Healthcare safety and security are delivered through multiple ethical and legal dimensions. The legal issues are critical to limit the health risks, non-compliance risks, and the possibility of harm exposed to patients and clinicians by medical operations and the environment. Confidentiality granted and supervised under the Health Insurance Portability...
Introduction When prescribing drugs, nurses must be aware of the ethical and legal situation and exercise caution. These errors are frequently significant and harmful. To offer safer, higher-quality treatment, consistent and coordinated efforts are required to decrease the frequency and severity of health mistakes and interruptions (Schepis et al., 2019)....
Athletes use steroids to enhance muscle mass and strength, increase the duration and intensity of their workouts, and shorten the recovery period after exertion. Now doctors are concerned about the spread of these substances among young people, who are not so much looking for sports records as for the improvement...
Ethical dilemmas in patient care have long been a problem for nurses across the world. All nurses face a number of core moral values, obligations, and beliefs that they must adhere to today. When faced with the tremendous moral dilemmas and demands experienced by today’s health professionals, it has become...
Research Question and Justification Health equity is a long-standing concern. There is a relative correlation between where people live, their ZIP code, and their length and quality of life. Life expectancy and common health disparities are influenced by certain social factors like race, education, economics, and location, among other social...
Theoretical Foundation for Research Dialysis is a crucial procedure for patients with impaired renal function, which aims at purifying blood to substitute the function of the kidney. Even though it may be a life-saving therapy for many patients, it is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality risks (Bleyer, 2020)....
The use of various computer technologies in healthcare has a significant positive impact on the entire sphere. Moreover, the introduction of information technologies is a solution to many problems and is able to meet the growing demands of modern society. Electronic medical records (EHR) and computerized records of supplier orders...
Specific off-label drugs can be prescribed for children under certain circumstances and conditions. Off-label medicines are used when there is an inconsistency or lack of pediatric information in Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) (Lee et al., 2018). For example, there is no safe and effective therapeutic information in SmPC for...
Brief summary of the policy The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The law established essential remedies that did not yet exist: an almost universal guarantee of access to affordable health insurance from birth to retirement. After complete implementation, this reduced the number of uninsured Americans by more than half....
Introduction The health care continuum is an integrated system that gives guidance to patients and tracks their health conditions over time. Supervision ensures patients have good health that is a balance in the physical, mental, and social state. Good health is central to human happiness and well-being, and the health...
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of millions of people all around the world, causing deaths and leading to social and humanitarian crises in most countries. Since its beginning, more than 245 million people have been affected worldwide, and more than 4.98 million deaths have been reported globally...
Rojas, D., Melo, A., Moise, I. K., Saavedra, J., & Szapocznik, J. (2021). The Association Between the Social Determinants of Health and HIV Control in Miami-Dade County ZIP Codes, 2017. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 8(3), 763-772. This article focuses on establishing the link the number of patients...
Introduction Nursing is one of the careers which focus on providing and helping the patients, as well as the clients as per ethical issues, is concerned. A nurse needs to understand ethical matters to carry out her work effectively to perfect her career. Nurses usually have to challenge themselves to...
Every community, every neighborhood, and every life—whole and healthy Whole-person care is our specialty Centura Health is the largest healthcare network in Colorado and western Kansas with one very important vision—to provide whole-person care to every community, every neighborhood, and every life. Our Christian mission cherishes the unique spiritual needs...
PAS and euthanasia are actions made to end a person’s life to alleviate suffering. Diverse but equally strongly held and well-analyzed ideas on PAS are prevalent among meditative, ethically acceptable people. Nevertheless, the ambition that every patient gets to the dying moments free as possible from the suffering that does...
Ethical decision-making is the process of selecting and considering alternatives following moral values. Choosing the best ethical option and removing immoral possibilities is essential while participating in ethical decisions. As for one to make the right ethical decision, the individual is required to do good doing regardless of how expensive...
Introduction: What Is Clinical Assessment? Clinical assessment is the first step in working with patients. This process means the evaluation of a person’s physical, medical, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral patterns, history, and current condition to investigate the presence of any disorder (Desert Hope, 2021). It makes a specific determination, assisting...
Introduction Over 9 million people globally have type 1 diabetes (T1D), most of whom are children and teenagers. In the United States, about 1.84 million people have developed T1D, with over 200,000 of them being below 20 years. Research also shows that close to 64,000 cases are diagnosed yearly in...
Introduction In the East Orange Hospital Clinic (Carewell Health Medical Center), most beneficiaries represent the impoverished population, and the problem of skipping follow-up appointments has recently occurred. The issue is related to the clinical practice as the patients lack education about the importance of follow-up visits, cannot communicate their needs...
Introduction The Salmonella outbreak became a public health concern in the mid-1980s in the Caribbean. In particular, the pathogen caused diarrhea in both the local population and tourists. One of the most important behavioral determinants is eating raw or undercooked eggs. The odds ratio of the occurrence of the disease,...
Introduction Community health is a confluence of economics, healthcare services, and social responsibilities. People residing in a given area share common health risks as well as economic and social conditions. Public health is a medical service that is highly concerned with the well-being of a given geographical area (Ada et...
Value-based care Value-based care is a provision model that motivates providers of healthcare systems to focus on the excellence of services provided rather than the quantity. In a value-based medical care framework, medical facilities are reimbursed depending on patient healthcare outcomes. Medical professionals who participate in value-based care contracts are...
Introduction Every 12th inhabitant of the Earth today is sick with diabetes, but half of the patients do not yet know about their illness. Every minute another case of diabetes is detected on Earth, and every minute, two people die from its complications (Yaron et al., 2019). All forms of...
The effectiveness and management of a company’s initiatives have an impact on its profitability. Therefore, companies rely on the effective completion of projects to thrive. In order to gain a competitive edge locally and worldwide, firms must implement project management concepts to boost efficiency and return on investment (ROI). Therefore,...
Lyme disease is among the most predominant vector-borne illnesses in the world currently. This disease is caused by Borrelia mayonii and Borrelia Burgdorfer. Its transmission to human beings is mainly a result of a bite from infected black-legged ticks commonly found in parks across the country. The primary symptoms of...
Health Care Improvement Act of 2021 Since the fundamental shift toward patient-oriented and preventive health care introduced by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, legislators have put substantial effort into defining the ways to extrapolate government-supported health care across the country. Hence, currently, more than 30% of the US...
Consequences of Smoking To encourage smoking, cigarette companies have used several of the most impressive marketing campaigns. Phillip Morris, for example, used creative graphics, cleverly designed packaging, and slogans from a legendary cowboy known as the Marlboro Man to recognize smoking as a behavior associated with liberty, confidence, strength, and...
Introduction The practicum experience is crucial for AGNPs who are willing to improve their skills and address the current health care issues through implementing novel work strategies or identifying and resolving the gaps. Indeed, my site, the East Orange General Hospital Clinic, has various populations as clients and specific problems...
Introduction Structural family therapy (SFT) is a system-theory-based therapeutic method. According to Colapinto (2019a), in the context of the family, structural family therapy is a strategy for analyzing and treating behavioral issues (p. 107). The difficulty a client presents is due to harmful patterns of engagement within his or her...
In the United States, obesity is a significant public health concern that affects both children and adults. Since 1960, obesity prevalence between 1960-1962 and 2009-2010 had almost tripled from 13 percent to 36 percent, respectively (CDC, 2013). Similarly, between 1970 and 2010, obesity prevalence in children in the country had...
Healthcare is so omnipresent in modern life that its functionality is taken for granted. Many people do not realize the amount of information, which flows between hospitals, pharmacies, medical centers, doctors, and patients. Yet, the quality of such data transfers are immensely important in healthcare delivery. Electronic health record (EHR)...
The phenomenon of racial segregation, although implicit, still exists in the context of American society. The issue is especially evident in the health care paradigm, as many African Americans nowadays experience a lack of medical support and tend to lose their trust. The students at Historical Black Colleges and Universities...
Type 2 diabetes is a severe condition that requires constant and careful treatment. According to Zheng, Ley, and Hu (2017), the number of people with diabetes has increased fourfold in the past three decades, and diabetes mellitus is considered the ninth major cause of death. Moreover, 90% of adults with...
In the report, IOM shares four messages that are to be implemented in the nursing practice. One of the messages is that nurses should complete their education and training (Fitzpatrick, 2010). This practice is suitable for nurses as they will be equipped with updated knowledge of handling certain diseases. Another...
Introduction Healthcare systems differ based on the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), technological opportunities, level of education for healthcare professionals, etc. The US has a unique system due to the fact that it is a developed country, yet the expenses for health-related services are usually not paid through taxes but...
Introduction to the Issue The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of millions of people, hitting minorities and those with a low socio-economic background especially hard. For example, according to Murty and Payne, the rate of COVID-related deaths among African-Americans is 2.5 times higher than among White Americans (2021)....
Introduction Breast cancer is a malignant form of the breast and is one of the most common forms of cancer in women. This type of cancer occurs when breast cells begin to divide uncontrollably and spread to the surrounding tissues. As a result, a tumor is formed, which becomes possible...
Introduction Homelessness is a global issue affecting millions of people around the world. It is estimated that about 2% or approximately 154 million of the world’s population are homeless (Branon, 2019). In reality, the number could be bigger than the data indicates. This problem affects both races, ethnic groups, genders,...
Information and communication technologies in nursing Even though the tasks performed in the course of nursing work remain the same, it is impossible to ignore the importance of introducing health informatics achievements into their daily work. Health care organizations should continuously monitor patient health data so that they will not...
People who suffer from mental illnesses need specialized care to alleviate their symptoms and attain full recovery. It is hard to get that kind of care in health centers that do not employ care coordination plans. Health coordinators involve patients, caregivers, and staff in planning and administering care (Coffey et...
Options in the Job Market One of the options that I can pursue in the job market with an associate degree in nursing is a home care nurse. In this case, I will be required to assess patients who have challenges in movement and develop an effective care plan. A...
Introduction Tobacco use is one of the health concerns in the United States. It is estimated that more than 480,000 people die annually in the US due to cigarette smoking (CDC, 2021). Cigarette smoking affects almost all body organs, and it is harmful to the smoker’s health by causing many...
Introduction to Nursing Ethics Nursing ethics can be described as the application of ethical values to nursing practice, which is essential for all healthcare workers. The four main ethical principles are autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence (Haddad & Geiger, 2021). Autonomy is the position that patients retain the right to...
Demand Evaluation The selected service line for Trinity community hospital will be an orthopedic center, where the evaluation showed that the overall demand for such a service would be the highest in the near future. The given center was selected by primarily evaluating and comparing the expected demand for other...
Strategic Planning The strategic planning process is a series of steps and a tool that is used to guide entities or organizations towards a specific objective or purpose. The healthcare industry, in particular, is complex and consistently changing due to regulations, technological advancements, and medical progress. A strategic planning process...
The Introduction Process of the Original Policy The Scope of Medical Tourism Medical tourism spans the commercial sector and global health spheres. Its rise coincides with the rapid expansion of healthcare trade, which is being fueled by increased worldwide mobility of care providers and consumers, developments in information technology and...
Introduction Evidence-based practice (EBP) has already gained much recognition and respect in today’s healthcare and medical spheres. This approach is approved as a successful and critical integration of clinical expertise, reliable, current evidence, and patient or caregiver values. Many reasons to implement EBP in the nursing environment exist, including care...
The US health care system has both public and private insurers and health care providers. Some are for-profit and others non-profit providers. The government covers those aged 65 years and above, people with disabilities, veterans, and low-income people by funding the national Medicare program (“United States”, 2021). Since the publication...
Introduction Demographic aging of the population, which is a consequence of improving the quality of life, the development of medicine has posed a global problem to society: an increase in the number of chronic diseases. If earlier in the top ten of its causes included diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia,...
The technology and infrastructure used to evaluate, record, and exchange patient health data are referred to as healthcare information technology (IT). Healthcare IT facilitates the recording of patient data to enhance healthcare delivery (Dönmez et al., 2020). The technology allows for analysis of this data for both ministries of health...
Abstract Depression is one of the major silent diseases that affect human beings irrespective of their biological and physical health. The major goals of this paper are to identify signs and symptoms of depression, the causative agents, and tests are taken for depression patients. The treatment plans, preventive measures to...
The issue of euthanasia has remained highly debatable for decades. The supporters argue that a person is free to decide when to die, and if there are no chances for healing, euthanasia is a way to prevent unbearable suffering. The opponents of mercy killing, in turn, claim that it is...
Thesis Statement Childhood obesity is a catastrophic condition in the 21st century affecting children and adolescents. Given the technological advancements and the sedentary lifestyle embraced globally, this condition is set to increase even further. There is a need to arrest this condition before more children and adolescents are affected. The...
I would like to consider the case of Larissa and identify her diagnosis. To begin with, I will summarize the situation and highlight the client’s symptoms. Larissa is a 17-year-old Indian female who appeared in the emergency room because of cutting her right wrist following an argument with her parents....
The Medicare program in the United States has been a topic of discussion ever since it was implemented as legislation. The debate for a national healthcare policy for Americans dates back to the reign of President Teddy Roosevelt, whose 1912 presidential campaign program incorporated healthcare coverage (Clement et al., 2017)....
Introduction In most countries, private sector and private businesses are more than governmental organizations and businesses. They contribute a large amount of tax to the government and employ the residents of the country and even import employees. This makes a significant contribution to the country’s overall economy, and therefore, these...
Introduction Care coordination is a process aimed at creating an effective and accessible healthcare system for all citizens. This presentation was prepared for a local homeless shelter and discusses the ethical and political factors influencing the development of this concept. Healthy People 2020 program addresses the social determinants of health...
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder caused by exposure to a traumatic event. It causes extreme response to stimuli that resembles the event. With a focus on a Grey’s Anatomy character named Owen Hunt, this paper evaluates the DSM V criteria for diagnosis of PTSD. It also evaluates...
Introduction The current presentation is devoted to analyzing medication errors as a patient safety issue. During the presentation, we are going to discuss several topics. First, is the general information about the medication errors. Second, is the correlation between medical errors and the quality of clinical judgment. Third, the improvements...
Summary Depression could be defined as a mental disorder marked by a long-lasting foul mood. Nowadays, this illness, as well as numerous other mental disorders, is romanticized. Furthermore, according to Gilbert (2016), many specialists label depression as “the common cold of psychopathology” (p. 3). Nonetheless, it is a great mistake...
Patient Preference and Decision Making Our hospital has a policy of working with patients and families to make treatment decisions across all the departments despite some situations that allow the doctors to overrule the patients’ decisions due to technical issues. A unique case occurred in our Catheterization Lab, which involved...
Introduction The phrase healthcare finance describes the role of the healthcare system in accumulating, mobilizing, and allocating funds to meet the requirements of the ailing. Nurses who are the main personnel in the health care systems must understand the issues related to financing. The nurse can assist patients as well...
Executive Summary This proposal introduces a new course into the curriculum of nursing education at the university. Its focus is on the specific of the healthcare delivery to patients with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on the prior analysis of the matter at hand, ASD exhibits an increased incidence rate...
Health informatics combines processes, procedures, theories, and concepts from the computer and information sciences, health sciences (e.g., nursing and medical science), and social sciences as a professional specialty and a subject of study (e.g., cognitive and organizational theory) (Bloomrosen & Berner, 2017). Health informatics specialists collect, store, process, and disseminate...
Introduction Contemporaneously, America suffers from two vast epidemics that negatively influence the lives of its citizens. The first one is the Coronavirus pandemic, and the second one, which was growing over the decades, is the obesity epidemic. Obesity is a complicated issue for divergent reasons such as hormonal imbalance, metabolic...
Although all nurses can be viewed as leaders regardless of their role, there are some differences between management and leadership. While the manager is involved in numerous daily tasks and details related to patient care planning and ensuring the staff completes all assignments, the leader is less task-oriented and more...
Introduction Trinity Community hospital has come a long way to become one of the premier health facilities in the south west of the United States. The hospital currently provides services such as internal medicine, pulmonary medicine, gastroenterology, urology, otolaryngology, general surgery, thoracic surgery, gynecology, and neurology. The hospital is committed...
Introduction In their daily practice, NPS communicate, establish relationships, and directly influence the life and well-being of their patients. Given the vast level of responsibility, a professional in nursing must strictly follow the code of conduct and the guidelines of the standard of care. The application of uninformed decisions and...
The current healthcare industry is characterized by rapid, innovative advancements and changes based on the technology-based modern society. In the next several years, the approach to medical management is likely to change and shift to the increased implementation of technology in the patient-centered healthcare system. With this said, the future...
Description Dementia is a word that describes symptoms of impairment in memory, thinking abilities, and communication. The disorder is believed to be mainly caused by Alzheimer’s disease, which results from abnormal changes in the brain promoting a decline in cognitive abilities. Even though the probability of having the disorder progresses...
Pharmaceutical, biomaterial and standard medical device supply chains together have a top priority of delivering medicine as a strategic medical product. In the present health-conscious society, the management of the supply chains has become more complex. There is a growing demand for quality health care products and services, which involve...
Introduction Discussion End-of-life issues are ethical issues that recur in nursing practice. These include health care practitioners revealing the truth, ensuring confidentiality, and withdrawing treatment. All patients have the right to complete and accurate information about their health. This means that physicians and nurses must tell patients the truth about...
Introduction Each hospital patient, as well as any other person, has their particular needs, starting from basic ones, such as nutrition, to socialization. This concept can be referred to as self-care, and it was the area of intense interest in numerous studies. In general, it implies that each person aims...
Introduction According to the centers for disease control and prevention, heart related complications (stroke and heart disease) are the leading cause of death in the U.S. The U.S government spends close to $500 billion annually on programs that address this challenge. Heart diseases are characterized by a growing disparity amongst...
It is apparent that there has been growing debate on the relationship between the aspect of cost and quality in healthcare (Mitton et al., 2006). It is assumed that there exists a relationship between the quality and cost of health (Woolf, 1999). However, research has revealed that there is no...
Introduction Nurses play a crucial role in the health care industry and their contribution to health-delivery systems throughout the world is substantial. Nurses must exercise professionalism in order for their contribution in the medical field to be optimal. This professionalism requires nurses to be well versed in clinical judgment and...
Obesity commonly known as overweight is a characterized by excessive accumulation of fat that might hinder proper health (Campos, 2004).In humans a simple index of mass for height (BMI) is usually used to classify overweight and obesity. This involves dividing an individual’s total weight in kilograms by total height in...
Introduction The Social-Ecological Models can be used as interventions for health disparities. SEM is divided into levels that include individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels (Patel, Hargreaves, Liu, Kenerson, Neal, Takizala & Blot, 2012). Individual-level interventions focus on enhancing an individual’s awareness of the importance of colorectal cancer screening...
ACA’s Most Notable Provisions The twenty-five provisions of the Affordable Care Act offer an extensive but not full list of health service benefits for the public; however, two of them have major significance. First, the Affordable Care Act has become one of the most important advances for women’s health in...
Introduction Health care in Canada is represented by a number of health insurance programs and plans that are directed at covering all regions and citizens of the country. Canadian health care plans are monitored and administered by special territorial organizations, which have to respond to the state government. The state...
When a mother holds a baby after birth in skin-to-skin contact, it ignites strong intuitive reactions in both the mother and the child. The mother will experience an increase of maternal hormones and begin to engage, stroke, and smell her baby. The babies’ instincts will also make them start a...
Although America is one of the world’s most developed countries, its health care system has a significant number of deficiencies. It ranks almost in the last place among other high-income countries in many respects. According to Schneider et al. (2017), this is caused by a lack of universal health insurance...
When delivering care to patients, nurses must use the current best practice derived from evidence-based research. They need to ascertain the quality of evidence before applying it in clinical practice. This is typically done through the critiquing process – the systematic procedure of appraising a research piece’s limitations and strengths...
Introduction Unfortunately, there are inequalities for different groups in modern society in access to services and participation in political, social and cultural life. Some of these groups did not take advantage of the potential of previously implemented social policies and programs, while others cannot be realized due to the historical...
Advanced practice nurses (APNs) are those nurses who obtained a master’s degree or advanced training. These healthcare professionals are often able to work in a clinical patient care setting with a high degree of independence and responsibility for the patient care within the healthcare system (NCSBN, n. d.). According to...
The Advancing Role of the Psychiatric Nurse The scope of psychiatric nursing has undergone changes over the recent decades, shifting its focus to psychosocial interventions. Consequently, the roles, responsibilities, and training of nurses have advanced in response to this change. As Hem & Heggen (2003) claim, theoretical principles of psychiatric...
Introduction Stroke remains a leading cause of death across the US for many years, and such a tendency presents the need for intervention in terms of patient education, as it becomes evident that patients with a predisposition for stroke are not well aware of the risks associated with the disease...
Introduction The modern healthcare sector is a complex system depending on multiple factors that should be considered to guarantee the appropriate care delivery to patients. Under these conditions, the correct understanding of the existing practices, theories, and models is vital for specialists. However, the constant development of the sphere preconditions...