The Social Impact of Zip Codes on Human Health

Rojas, D., Melo, A., Moise, I. K., Saavedra, J., & Szapocznik, J. (2021). The Association Between the Social Determinants of Health and HIV Control in Miami-Dade County ZIP Codes, 2017. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 8(3), 763-772.

This article focuses on establishing the link the number of patients with uncontrolled HIV in Miami Dade County and social determinants of health. From the research, the author’s found that two factors affected the population of people with uncontrolled HIV. The first factor is education, economic stability, healthcare determinants and health, while the second factor is race (white race). White race was associated to decrease in population of people with uncontrolled HIV.

Reid, C., Jerrett, M., Considine, E., Watson, G., Telesca, D., & Pfister, G. (2018). Health Impacts Associated with Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone during a Wildfire: Evidence of Differential Effects Due to Measures of the Social Environment. In ISEE Conference Abstracts (Vol. 2018, No. 1).

This study aims at establishing whether there is an impact of the ozone resulting from wildfire on the health of the surrounding community. The researchers association hospitalization and emergency health attention on people in the area with the exposure to wild fire. The researchers found a link between cases of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the health of the population. The health impacts persisted even after the ozone was controlled. The research also investigated effects of socio-economic status and race.

LeCounte, E. S., & Swain, G. R. (2017). Life expectancy at birth in Milwaukee County: a zip code-level analysis. Journal of patient-centered research and reviews, 4(4), 213.

This study aims at identifying the difference in life expectancy at different zip codes cross Milwaukee County. The researchers note that there is a high degree of difference in life expectancy across Wisconsin counties. In this research, the authors identified a 12 years life experience difference between people born in the highest and lowest parts of the zip codes. The paper focused on differences in economics and social factors.

Table 1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Milwaukee County Residents by Zip Code Quintile

Measure Quintile 1
71.3–73.9)
Quintile 2
(74.0–75.9)
Quintile 3
(76.0–77.9)
Quintile
(78.0–79.9)
Quintile 5
(80.0–83.2)*
Zip code 53205, 53206, 53210, 53212, 53218, 53225 53208, 53209, 53214, 53216, 53233 53110, 53172, 53202, 53204, 53215, 53219, 53223, 53224 53154, 53207, 53220, 53221, 53222, 53227, 53228, 53235 53211, 53213, 53217, 53129, 53130, 53132, 53226
Median household income (range among zip codes) $31,090 ($22,468–$39,348) $30,167 ($13,544–$42,209) $35,681 ($33,129–$51,499) $51,825 ($45,987–$64,570) $65,950 ($46,241–$97,690)
Bachelor’s degree or higher 15.3% 21.9% 24.7% 28.6% 49.0%
Minority race 80.4% 60.3% 34.7% 14.2% 10.5%

Turman, J. E., & Swigonski, N. L. (2021). Changing Systems That Influence Birth Outcomes in Marginalized Zip Codes. Pediatrics.

This article reveals that high birth mortality rates among Indianas are caused by maternal complications, low birth weight, sudden unexpected infant death and preterm birth. However, it identifies the importance of social health determinants on infant mortality. The authors targeted various zip codes to establish the measures required to meet their needs. Different zip code areas have diverse factors affecting the hence require unique interventions for each.

References

LeCounte, E. S., & Swain, G. R. (2017). Life expectancy at birth in Milwaukee County: a zip code-level analysis. Journal of patient-centered research and reviews, 4(4), 213. Web.

Reid, C., Jerrett, M., Considine, E., Watson, G., Telesca, D., & Pfister, G. (2018). Health Impacts Associated with Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone during a Wildfire: Evidence of Differential Effects Due to Measures of the Social Environment. In ISEE Conference Abstracts (Vol. 2018, No. 1).

Rojas, D., Melo, A., Moise, I. K., Saavedra, J., & Szapocznik, J. (2021). The Association Between the Social Determinants of Health and HIV Control in Miami-Dade County ZIP Codes, 2017. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 8(3), 763-772.

Turman, J. E., & Swigonski, N. L. (2021). Changing Systems That Influence Birth Outcomes in Marginalized Zip Codes. Pediatrics.

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