Introduction
Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is an organization aimed at assisting women and girls with substance misuse issues and providing students with education opportunities for counseling and psychology studies. Presently, the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is experiencing challenges in sustaining its operations due to the lack of efficacy in the prevention of relapse in its patients, as well as the threat of drug misuse development in vulnerable women and girls. By introducing a training session that involves covering basic guidelines for Christian counseling, innovative strategies, and new tools to be deployed for assisting the target demographic, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will update its performance noticeably. In addition, student at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio must be provided with an opportunity to engage in academic research to be able to connect theory and evidence-based practice.
Table 1. PESTEL Analysis.
As the PESTEL analysis conducted above indicates, the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is presently facing quite a number of opportunities to be used to improve its performance. Despite the presence of the coronavirus as the main obstacle to offering women with addiction issues the required support, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will be able to center the needs of women and girls by incorporating innovative digital tools for enhancing communication and providing continuous spiritual support to its target audiences.
Current Performance
The present performance rates of Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio can be described as moderately good. Although the organization has some internal problems, its current course is geared toward helping vulnerable groups according to its mission and vision. However, the quality of said help could use improvements, which is why the introduction of improved psychological and spiritual support should be considered a necessity.
At the same time, the lack of control over the possibility of a relapse in Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio’s patients and the absence of spiritual support for the needs of the women that seek its help represent major concern (Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, 2021). In addition, the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio could use improvements and updates in its approach toward managing the psychological needs of its visitors, as well as in its counseling services. Specifically, improved strategies for helping the patients to recognize the root cause of their problem and address the core of it, thus minimizing the probability of a relapse, is strongly needed (Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, 2021). In addition, after visiting Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, women with addiction issues do not sever the ties with the people that provided them with the drugs in the first place. Therefore, changing the environment in which the target audience lives is critical for the further promotion of self-care, which is why spiritual leadership will be essential.
Finally, the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio center appears to be lacking academic research, as well as the opportunity to connect theoretical premises produced by said research with the evidence-based practise of managing the needs of women with drug dependency issues. Thus, the integration of research opportunities should be seen as critical.
Key Issue Identification
Although Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is facing a plethora of concerns and threats, especially given the current economic climate, there are two major issues that it must address urgently. Specifically, the increase in the levels of competence among its staff members through the rise in the quality of education and training, as well as the provision of spiritual support for women whose needs it seeks to meet, are the primary concerns to address.
The possible resistance to change that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio may face after introducing the idea of change described above and attempting at implementing it is another reason for concerns and a possible problem to address. The identified issue harkens back to the problem of leadership, from which Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio also suffers quite a lot. Since the organization presently runs on the premise of the Laissez-faire approach to leadership, which implies leaving most of the decision-making tasks to staff members, there might be a lack of consistency in applying specific therapeutic and spiritual approaches toward managing the needs of Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio’s visitors. In addition, the lack of the leadership framework that could guide staff members toward improvement and encourage them to learn new skills
At the same time, the proposed strategy is not devoid of problems, either. Specifically, the development of the training sessions is likely to require a tremendous amount of resources. In addition, possible communication issues may emerge due to the delay in transferring the message to the target audiences. Due to the current environmental concerns, namely, the presence of a massive health hazard of the coronavirus, establishing direct communication with the target demographic, especially women that need help, will be particularly difficult. However, social media will be used to deliver information to the latter as effectively and promptly as possible.
Mission, Vision, and Objectives
It is planned to transform the mission of the organization toward providing both psychological and counseling assistance and spiritual guidance to women with drug misuse issues, as well as expand education opportunities for students. The latter goal will be achieved by offering exploration of major theological issues along with the psychological and mental health concerns examined at the academic level, with the obtained knowledge applied to address real-life cases. Therefore, the proposed mission for the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio (2021, para. 2) is slightly different from the current one, which reads, “We have made it our mission to provide hope, and a learning environment where our students can begin to apply biblical principles in their daily lives, their families, their community, and their jobs.” Thus, by transforming the organization’s mission toward the one that will encourage further learning and especially communication with the target audiences, one will foster the environment of learning while also encouraging people to develop compassion toward the women facing drug misuse issues and experiencing difficult times.
Likewise, the vision of the organization will have to be altered slightly to reflect the focus on the promotion of learning among students and the emphasis on a better understanding of the needs of addicts. While the present vision states that it is “to help people with life-controlling problems such as drug and alcohol addiction, find hope and freedom to be able to live the life they were created to live through the power of Jesus Christ,” it needs to be shaped toward encouraging better training among students and the post-program follow-up for clients (Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, 2021). Thus, opportunities for improving the service tremendously will emerge.
Corporate-level Strategies
When embracing the company’s performance on a general, corporate level, one should point to the necessity to transition to a combination of a more personalized approach to managing customers’ needs coupled with a framework based on evidence-based research. Namely, collaboration between psychologists and Christian counselors must be deemed as the essential platform for creating a uniform therapeutic strategy (Kazemi et al., 2018). It is believed that, with the emphasis on a personalized approach and the individual exploration of spiritual practices offered to women with drug dependency issues, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will be able to reduce the threat of a relapse among its target customers. Specifically, students and Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio employees will have to be trained and educated to approach unique needs of the vulnerable demographic in question on a case-by-case basis, offering extensive spiritual support and allowing the participants to explore opportunities for personal spiritual practices (Moazedi et al., 2018). For the most part, the latter will involve unique approaches to praying and interpretation of the Scripture.
Business-level Strategies
Considering the approaches to be undertaken on a local business level at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, one should examine opportunities for minimizing conflicts and encouraging active engagement and interaction with customers. Namely, staff members must consider the needs of every new client carefully to understand the factors driving the need for drug misuse. After distilling the crucial drivers of substance abuse, counselors and psychologist will need to introduce an intervention in collaboration with ministers (Schmidt et al., 2017). A change management perspective on public sector cutback management: towards a framework for analysis. Public Management Review, 19(10), 1538-1555.). Namely, apart from supporting these women emotionally, the organization will also have to provide spiritual guidance as the means of keeping them on the path of sobriety.
For this purpose, collaboration must also be encouraged on the local level along with conflict management to ensure that therapists and spiritual leaders offer a cohesive framework. Namely, patients will need to be provided with the impetus for keeping on the right track, which will come in the form of spiritual guidance (Hall et al., 2018). By offering a role model based on the principal Christian virtues and encouraging Christlikeness, spiritual leaders at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will inspire patients and encourage them to abandon their sinful behaviors. Combined with cognitive therapy, the proposed measure will allow victims of substance misuse to recover fully.
Structure
The current structure of Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio reflects the principles of the functional approach, which is quite efficient given Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio’s goals. Due to the focus on the promotion of recovery among women with substance addiction issues, the significance of hierarchical relationships drops, and staff members concentrate their efforts on building strategies for assisting the target population. The existing approach contributes to collaboration among the participants.
However, it is believed that, with the emphasis on research and the introduction of participants that will perform the role of educators, a division between team members with teaching functions, those that are in the process of learning, and the members representing the spiritual support system, will grow (Huang et al., 2018). Presumably, the specified alterations may lead to a greater divide with the premises for confrontations between team members. Given that the current conflict management framework is rather flimsy, the outcomes of the described scenario are likely to be disastrous. To avoid the specified problem, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio’s leaders must emphasize the importance of cooperation and encourage collaboration and knowledge sharing among team members (Fagan et al., 2018). As soon as all participants recognize the role of a shared effort, they are expected to start striving toward achieving the common goal, which is to offer support and premises for recovery to the target population.
Culture
In turn, the organizational culture at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio can be described as quite positive. Since all of the participants share the same Christian values and support the same Christian philosophy, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio has been moving toward its shared goals quite promptly.
However, with the increase in the influence of modern media and the exposure to a multitude of ideas, some of the team members have started to show propensity toward secularism. The described issue needs to be addressed by reinforcing Christian values and opening the dialogue concerning their application in the context of the present-day world (Elsbach & Stigliani, 2018). Thus, participants will be more eager to adopt a Christian stance on ethical issues and the process of decision-making.
In addition, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio lacks the emphasis on research and the academic effort, in general. Although the practice performed at the organization is mostly evidence-based, the inconsistent theoretical platform leads to the absence of homogeneity in the therapeutic approach, especially concerning the promotion of spirituality in patients. In turn, the introduction of training sessions and the incorporation of research practices into the organization’s framework will help to amend this situation (Bstieler et al., 2017). The changing bases of mutual trust formation in inter-organizational relationships: A dyadic study of university-industry research collaborations. Journal of business research, 74, 47-54.).
Overall, the current structure could use certain changes, particularly, in regard to the issue of information management. The focus on collaboration and knowledge sharing must be placed at the top of Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio’s priorities list. Thus, the organization will move toward the development of responsibility, research, and focus on Christian values among its staff members.
Marketing
Promoting the services that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio offers is likely to be quite difficult even with the changes mentioned above introduced into its corporate setting. Indeed, there is a notable lack of initiative in vulnerable women suffering from substance misuse issues (Stringer & Baker, 2018). The observed lack of agency occurs due to the social pressure and contempt experienced by the specified demographic (Mora-Ríos et al., 2017). Therefore, working with the community to promote the image of victim in need for help as opposed to that of a sinner is crucial. The specified campaign will be carried out using social media such as Facebook and Twitter.
In addition, the same social platforms will be used to advertise the services to women in question, as well as students willing to participate in the organization and continue their theological learning. However, given the possible lack of access to digital technologies among women with substance misuse issues due to possible poverty, word-of-the-mouth techniques will also be practiced actively to disperse information and attract the specified demographic.
For the promotion campaign, the 7Ps of marketing will be used. Education and recovery will be represented as the key products, with the price of admission for students being lowered to the possible minimum (Ravangard et al., 2020). The local Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio center will be the main place of training, whereas social media and word of the mouth will be used for promotion. Students, volunteers, ministers, and counselors, as well as women with drug misuse issues, will constitute the key people. In turn, the process will be based on the Biblical principles and spiritual guidance combined with cognitive therapy. Finally, the certificates for students and recovered customers will be represented as the physical evidence of success (see Fig. 2).
Financial Analysis
Since Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is a non-profit organization, it mostly relies on the state support and the donation offered by patrons. In addition, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio use the money obtained from micro-enterprises. Moreover, the tuition fee received from students is also used to support the organization and its performance in the target market (Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, 2021). Therefore, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio has a very limited amount of resources, which calls for a cost-efficient policy for managing finances. Despite the described issues, the organization has been managing to thrive and provide effective support for the target population.
Figure 3. Financial Analysis.
As Fig. 3 above shows, the approach that the organization has been using has returned significant results. Namely, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio has been offering education services, thus improving its financial status. However, to remain financially sustainable, the organization will need an improved approach toward managing its financial issues. Specifically, a cost-efficient strategy must be adopted.
R&D
Evaluating the progress that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio has made in its R&D department, one must note the focus on evidence-based practice and the integration of innovative therapeutic strategies. However, the organization will benefit significantly from the emphasis on research and the promotion of training among students and staff members. In addition, interdisciplinary cooperation between therapists, counselors, and spiritual leaders must be encouraged to connect their approaches into a uniform framework that will be, later on, used to encourage spiritual development in customers.
Considering specific criteria according to which the organization’s R&D could be assessed, one should consider the framework that ties different aspects of the organization’s R&D performance together. Specifically, the study by Salimi and Rezaei (2018) has provided an impressive tool for assessing the efficacy of an organizational R&D function (see Fig. 4 below). Based on the provided framework. Eliciting the efficacy of the current R&D performance at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio becomes a possibility.
Based on the model suggested in Fig. 4, the current R&D framework at that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio can be defined as passable. Specifically, on the Customer Perspective, the current approach used by Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio lands at C2, whereas the Internal Business Perspective characteristic may have reached the Ib4 stage. In turn, the Innovation Learning perspective is presently at the earlier stage of development, presumably, Il3. Finally, the company’s financial perspective may have reached the stage of F3, where it deploys effective analysis, yet fails to achieve consistency.
Applying a different approach, namely, the assessment of the R&D framework based on the efficacy of its technological collaborations, one will see that the organization has advanced quite far, yet it still requires further improvements to reach consistency. Since Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is a non-profit organization, it can be defined as a type of networking. Its agreement formalization approaches equity, with the structure of control being in-between the focus on activities and results, yet with closer leaning to the latter. Specifically, the pursuit of spiritual awakening in customers is deemed as the priority, yet the key activities, involving therapy and praying, are also seen as a crucial aspect worth improving. On the time horizon, long-term improvements, namely, recovery from addictions and the identification of one’s spiritual path, are deemed as the primary goal. Finally, the relationships are also geared toward the results, although accomplishing the key milestones is also considered important in attaining the short-term goals of building a resilient attitude.
Operations
Ensuring that operations run smoothly is an indispensable part of company evaluation and the identification of possible risks that it might face in the target market. To assess the quality and general efficacy of operations conducted at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, the approach based on the Six Sigma technique will be utilized as one of the key tools for determining the quality of a firm’s operational functioning (Hammer, 2018). The proposed tool encompasses the criteria such as strategic planning, operations design, business intelligence, and initiative execution, and is rooted in the Six Sigma framework geared toward incremental improvement within a firm (see Fig. 6). Therefore, applying the specified framework to the assessment of the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will help to reveal some of the problems in its current operation management.
The current strategic planning implemented at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is moderately effective since the key goal of assisting women with drug misuse is achieved. However, the lack of focus on research and student education invites possibilities for further improvements. In turn, the organization of the key processes is conducted fairly well, with each process controlled carefully. At the same time, it is desirable that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio could recognize the significance of coordinating the said processes as a cohesive whole, which can be achieved with the help of interdisciplinary collaboration. The proposed change embraces the idea of interdisciplinary work by encouraging cooperation between students, ministers, psychologists, and counselors.
Human Resources
The current approach toward human resource management (HRM) used at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio is quite reasonable, yet it could use minor adjustments. Specifically, the promotion of collaboration and professionalism in the workplace is important for consistently good performance. However, presently, there is substantial lack of advanced knowledge and skills in staff members, which calls for a more effective talent management approach. Namely, the inclusion of training session for the staff and learning opportunities for student recruits will be necessary.
Additionally, the focus on fostering Christlikeness in employees and students and supporting them in the development of crucial Christian qualities, especially empathy, is strongly recommended. Given the specifics of the target demographic that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio views as its primary clients, the use of empathy as the main tool for supporting them in their behavioral change and spiritual growth is vital. Therefore, the current approach toward HRM could use a greater extent of training, spiritual guidance, and academic research.
Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs to assess the current HRM framework, one will realize that the higher-level needs are not fully met at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio (see Fig. 7). Specifically, the lack of opportunities for self-actualization through professional development is quite evident. Therefore, greater emphasis on talent management and staff members’ professional development should be placed (Wuryani et al., 2021). For this reason, training sessions for students and volunteers, as well as opportunities for participating in academic research, will be required. Thus, the extent of employees’ and volunteers’ motivation will rise, which will contribute to better education and improved management of customers’ needs.
Information Systems
The communication channels used at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio could also use improvement. Presently, the organization relies on traditional advertising transferred to the digital setting. However, due to the use of adblockers and the related tools, target audiences, including students and vulnerable populations, may fail to identify the organization. Therefore, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio must make effective use of social media. Specifically, social networks such as Facebook and Twitter will have to be used to promote the organization’s message, whereas Youtube should be utilized for longer messages and livestreams of direct communication (Arora et al., 2019). Finally, word-of-the-mouth techniques should also be deployed as a side strategy to ensure that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio uses all available avenues.
Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix
The IFE Matrix above proves that Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio urgently needs the strategy that will allow reducing the negative effects of internal weaknesses that may demolish the success that it has achieved so far. Specifically, the propensity toward conflicts, the lack of agreement between experts, and the dismissal of critical Christian values in the management of vulnerable customers’ needs should be mentioned as the key points of concern. The
External Factor Evaluation Matrix
Critical Success Factors and Competitor Analysis
Although the competition in the selected sector is not quite high, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will still have to strive to maintain the strongest presence in it to ensure that all vulnerable groups of women with drug abuse issues are targeted and supported. For the organization to continue its work, critical success factors will have to be detailed. Presently, the following criteria for success must be met for Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio to continue delivering proper performance:
- Interdisciplinary cooperation;
- Academic research;
- Promotion of spirituality;
- Effective communication channels;
- Use of social media;
- Staff training;
- Focus on innovation and improvement.
With the described criteria met, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will be able to compete with its current rivals. Namely, the organizations such as Ohio Women’s Network (2021) and The Refuge (2021) deserve to be mentioned. A well-established presence in the target economic environment is the main competitive advantage of the specified organizations, along with impressive funding and advanced technology. However, neither Ohio Women’s Network (2021), nor The Refuge (2021) focuses on the spiritual development of its customers. Therefore, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio has a crucial competitive advantage compared to the two entities in question.
SWOT
As shown in Fig. 10 above, the presence of spiritual and cultural disparities within the organization along with the lack of motivation and the impetus for gaining new skills represent the major obstacles for further development. Therefore, it is the responsibility of leaders at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio to create the training session and education opportunities that will encourage counselors, students, and ministers to improve their skills and focus on the needs of the target population (Cardon & Marshall, 2015). In addition, the development of empathy and Christlikeness in staff members, as well as the improvement of the current communication channels, must be considered an urgent necessity.
Analysis of Strategic Alternatives
Although the proposed framework for encouraging education and active training with the focus on continuous learning and interdisciplinary communication is preferable, other options can also be considered. For example, the leaders at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio could use outsourced services of experts from other organizations by partnering with larger entities offering similar opportunities for women with drug issues. However, the specified alternative does not imply active knowledge and experience sharing, nor does it suggest that the levels of motivation in staff members, students, and volunteers should increase (Oshri et al., 2018). Therefore, the suggested alternative fails to address the core problem. In turn, the third option suggests using the assistance of former customers of Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio. The presence of personal experience of battling with drug dependency and, therefore, the opportunity to connect with the target population on a deeply emotional level is the main advantage of this strategy. However, it also does not imply active professional development. Furthermore, it does not negate the possibility of a relapse. Thus, the current course of actions should be deemed as the superior framework.
Recommendation
Overall, it is highly recommended to change the leadership framework adopted presently at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio. Although the existing Laissez-Faire approach toward leadership does provide greater flexibility it does not offer an impetus for change that staff members require urgently. In turn, the shift toward the Transformational framework will allow empowering students, counselors, and other staff members to engage in evidence-based practice, as well as academic research, to improve the mental and spiritual well-being of the target population (Faupel & Süß, 2019). In addition, the development of a training program geared toward the improvement of the current theological framework and creation of a homogenous program for promoting Christian faith among the target population is recommended.
Justification
The main reason for deploying the proposed program concerns the need to control the extent of relapse among women with substance misuse issues, as well as provide the specified demographic with an opportunity for a spiritual transformation. In addition, the use of training as the means of enhancing students’ and organization members’ ability to meet the needs of the target population will help to advance both practise and research, incorporating culture-specific and customer-oriented approaches to create an inimitable strategy tailored specifically to the need of a particular patient (Petry et al., 2017). Therefore, the chance for a spiritual change and the further possibility of redemption and, ultimately, salvation will emerge. Finally, active support for women with substance issues may influence the current perception of the specified demographic and reduce the stigma that women with drug misuse problems experience (Mora-Ríos et al., 2017). Therefore, the program aimed at training and gaining new skills for managing spiritual and psychological needs of women with substance misuse problems must be introduced into the Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio context.
Implementation
To implement the change described above, Kotter’s 8-Step Model will be required as the most common and most efficient tool for promoting change. First, urgency must be increased by building awareness within the organization regarding the significance of new strategies and skills. Afterward, a team of enthusiasts will have to be created to disperse the sense of urgency and encourage the rest to accept it. The third step of developing the vision will require shaping the mission and vision toward incremental improvement and spiritual growth (Odor, 2018). Communicating for buy-in as the fourth step will require creating incentives for participants, which may come as verbal encouragements. Next, empowering action will be needed by offering guidance to team members and boosting the discussion. Then, creating minor milestones as short-term wins, such as gaining a specific skill, will occur. The seventh step demands supporting the participants continuously, which will require regular meetings with discussions of progress made (Odor, 2018). Finally, making the change stick will suggest creating a routine that every team member will follow when undergoing training and applying newly gained skills.
Evaluation/Control
To ensure that the training produces the expected deliverables, assessment tools and control measures must be introduced. To define the increase in the level of competency among staff members and the academic performance of students, pre- and post-test procedures will have to be deployed. In addition, reports will be submitted after the completion of every session to mark the participants’ progress.
Oral Presentation Plan
To prove the efficacy of the suggested framework, an oral presentation will be developed. The presentation will cover the main objectives of the change, the strategies for implementing it, the evaluation tools, and the expected outcomes. In addition, changes in the use of resources and the current leadership strategy will be outlined in the presentation as the key steps toward implementing the suggested plan, Most importantly, the role of spiritual development and the importance of Scripture and spiritual practices will be delineated.
Conclusion
By offering a training opportunity and education options for students and team members at Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio, one will be able to address the spiritual aspects of its performance. Namely, apart from the services related to mental health and substance misuse management, women requiring the support of Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will also receive spiritual guidance. Thus, they will be able to abstain from substance misuse in the future, having stepped onto the path of spiritual transformation. By incorporating academic research, spiritual guidance, and psychological support, Adult & Teen Challenge Ohio will be able to transform the target community and even change the perception of the vulnerable group in question, possibly relieving it of the social stigma.
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