Introduction
Functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism are all theoretical perspectives exploring the functioning of society. Each of them focuses on a different foundational aspect, thus providing unique explanations for people’s behavior and subsequent social change. Although the theories are distinct, there are some similarities facilitating comprehension of their concepts. While social interactionism and fundamentalism focus on how society cooperates, conflict theory views social dynamics through the lens of power distribution.
Discussion
Both functionalism and social interactionism explore cooperation between people, albeit on different scales. Functionalism frames society as an intricate network consisting of different constituents that in combination maintain stability and equilibrium, such as family, economy, education, government, and religion. At the same time, symbolic interactionism highlights how individuals interact with one another, using a diverse number of symbols. Unlike functionalism, it follows a bottom-up approach in the creation of social meaning through individual interactions.
Conflict theory is separate since it uses power struggle as the central element of social dynamics. From its perspective, society is made up of groups with overlapping interests. Examples of conflicts include confrontations between racial minorities and majority, immigrants and native citizens, and other instances of contradictory interests. Conflict theory also recognizes that groups encompass individuals with their own agency, which can be shaped by their group.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the emphasis on power struggle determines the difference between the theories. Functionalism presents society as a set of interconnected social institutions. Conflict theory views society as a battleground for the competition and struggle for power and resources. Symbolic interactionism concentrates on the interactions between individuals and the importance of social symbols. Overall, the goal of each theory is to explain what drives social change.